In the Mexican federal system, a magistrate is a superior judge (and the highest state judge), hierarchically among the judges of the Supreme Court (Ministros de la Corte Suprema). In the late 1990s, a municipal judge position was created for district courts on the basis of litigation. Under this system, two municipal judges first had to sit together to hear a case; Some of these municipal judges are still in office. There are two types of judges in England and Wales:[4] justices of the peace and district judges (formerly known as scholarship magistrates), who are members of the professional justice system. Depending on the needs, approximately 50 per cent of judges are women. More than 41% of judges have left the employment relationship, while others are self-employed or may take leave. [ref. needed] This information has been created to give you general information about the law. It is not legal advice on a particular issue.
If you have any questions about the law, you should consult a lawyer. If you don`t know a lawyer, you can call the South Carolina Bar Lawyer Referral Service weekdays between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. The number is 799-7100 in Richland or Lexington counties and 1-800-868-2284 in other parts of the state. The magistrate reviews cases heard by a judge during a second term if one of the parties contests the verdict. For special cases, there are magistrados superiores (superior judges) who examine the judgements of special judges. 2. In each subdivision, there shall be a Sub-Divisional Judicial Magistrate (SDJM).
They hear cases relating to the Dowry Act, the EC Act and other criminal cases. They also maintain and control the subordinate court below them. A court of sub-divisional magistrates can impose a person with imprisonment of up to 3 years and a fine of up to ₹10,000 (US₹140). Judicial judges may hear criminal cases. The members of the second group are called Magistrates` Courts. Unlike judges, Magistrates` Courts sit alone, but always have the advantage of being assisted by a lawyer. They are appointed through a selection process opened by the CJC and must be qualified lawyers, lawyers or licensed legal officers. Some also sit in family court. The Magistrates` Association raised questions about the legal safeguards of a single district judge who can hear a case, decide the outcome and render the judgement without referring to another party. [6] Magistrate or Chief Justice is also a common translation of Chinese xianzhang (县长/縣長 literally: county head), the political head of a county or xiàn (县/縣), which ranks at the third level of China`s administrative hierarchy.
The translation comes from imperial China, where the district judge was the lowest official in the Chinese imperial bureaucracy and had judicial functions in addition to administrative functions. In courts in England and Wales, magistrates – also known as Justices of the Peace (JP) – are volunteers who hear and settle prosecutions for “summary offences” and certain “tribal offences in one way or the other” by making orders in respect of offenders and imposing additional requirements. Magistrates/JPs are limited to sentences of up to twelve months. Judges/JPs have other limitations in their criminal powers with powers that extend to fines, community orders that can include curfews, electronic shelf labels, the requirement to perform unpaid work for up to 300 hours, and supervision for up to three years. In more serious cases, judges can “in one way or another” send offenders to the Crown Court for sentencing if they believe a harsher sentence than the one he can sentence should be imposed. There are five categories of judges in Kenya, namely: Resident Magistrate, Senior Resident Magistrate, Chief Magistrate, Chief Magistrate and Chief Magistrate. The Chief Magistrate is the highest rank among magistrates and also has administrative control of the courts of first instance within his or her jurisdiction. A Chief Justice is responsible for litigation not exceeding seven million Kenyan shillings.
For senior senior judges, the limit for litigation is not more than five million Kenyan shillings; For senior judges, these disputes do not exceed four million Kenyan shillings. Senior resident magistrates are responsible for disputes up to three million Kenyan shillings, and resident magistrates for disputes up to two million Kenyan shillings. [16] In addition, if a party appeals a judge`s decision, he or she must refer the case to a judge of the Circuit Court. You must do so as soon as possible after making recommendations. After all, although judges sit on a bench like a judge, they probably dress in ordinary clothes and don`t wear formal robes. There are four categories of judges in the Indian judiciary. This classification is contained in the 1973 Code of Criminal Procedure. It states that in each sitting district, there must be: The primary role of a judge is to assist in discharging the heavy burden of family law matters over which he or she normally presides.
Maryland magistrates handle very specific types of cases, including the following: Although judges hear an excessive number of different family law cases, their power is limited. Restricted in that they do not issue final court orders. You can only make recommendations. These recommendations must ultimately be approved and signed by a circuit court judge until either party objects within the time limit. The courts appoint judges to hear the testimony of the parties. Judges close the main issues in a case and submit the findings of fact to a judge for final approval. The position and authority of magistrate judges was established in 1968. Under federal law, presiding judges must meet certain eligibility criteria, including at least five years as a reputable member of the highest judicial chamber of a state or territory. They must also be examined by a selection panel on the merits composed of Community lawyers and non-lawyers.
Magistrate judges are appointed by a majority of the United States District Judges for a renewable term of eight years. In addition, there are a small number of part-time judges who serve four-year terms. In some states, such as Queensland and New South Wales, the magistrate may appear dressed; Although some magistrates are known to prefer a business suit. Judges at the Koori Court (which deals with indigenous defendants) were initially of the opinion that they did not appear dressed; Indigenous community elders, however, urged judges to continue wearing robes to mark the solemnity of the trial for the defendants. Robing is being considered for magistrates in other states; However, neither lawyers nor solicitors appear dressed in an Australian magistrates` court. Robbery in summary courts is unlikely to extend to the legal profession. In Taiwan, magistrates are the heads of county government. District court elections are hotly contested and are often a stepping stone to higher office. District court elections were first held in the 1960s and were the highest elected position of real power before the end of martial law in 1991 and thus the center of the Tangwai movement`s election campaigns. The term “judge” is often used (mainly in judicial opinions) as a generic term for any independent judge capable of issuing arrest warrants, reviewing arrests, etc.[13][14] When used in this way, it does not refer to a judge with a specific function. Instead, it appoints (somewhat circularly) a judge or bailiff who is able to hear and decide on a particular case. This capacity is defined by state law or by common law.
In Virginia, for example, the 1971 Constitution created the position of magistrate to replace the use of the justice of the peace in cities and counties, which is common in many states for this function. As mentioned above, the terms “magistrate” or “chief magistrate” were sometimes used in the early days of the Republic to refer to the President of the United States, as in President John Adams` message to the U.S. Senate after George Washington`s death: “His example is now complete, and he will teach wisdom and virtue to judges. Citizens and peoples, not only today, but also in future generations, as long as our history is read” (December 19, 1799). Whether your pending cases in Maryland Family Court are before a judge or a judge, an experienced Maryland family law attorney can be critical to the overall outcome of your case.