The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is a guideline describing the achievements of language learners across Europe and increasingly in other countries (e.g. Colombia and the Philippines). It was prepared by the Council of Europe. Its main objective is to provide a method of learning, teaching and assessment that applies to all languages in Europe. Our corpus-based dictionary contains definitions that are classified at the CEFR level at level B2. By using plain language to clarify terms, rather than simplifying them, complex legal concepts are made more accessible to English learners. The CEFR provides a common basis for language teaching in the key areas of curriculum development, the design of teaching and learning materials and the assessment of foreign language competences. One of the main achievements was the development of a comprehensive set of descriptions at the level of language proficiency components at all levels across a range of jurisdictions. For example, a B2 level English learner may perform a number of relatively complex tasks, including questions to be clarified after a presentation, understanding the general meaning of fluent and non-routine correspondence, and writing reports and correspondence. All shares of ownership of the debtor at the time of bankruptcy. The estate technically becomes the temporary legal owner of all of the debtor`s assets.
Norwegian Translation CompanyEditor, Norwegian Dictionary TransLegal`s Learner`s Dictionary of Law is the only legal dictionary designed specifically for lawyers and law students who speak English as a second language. English-speaking lawyers often use an English legal dictionary differently than lawyers who are not native English speakers. Lawyers for whom English is a second language often need to know how to use the word in a sentence, how to pronounce the word, what common mistakes to avoid (e.g., false friends), and the most common collocations (= words that match the word being searched, such as filing a lawsuit or appeal). TransLegal`s law dictionary has been developed with these specific needs in mind. The TransLegal Learner`s Dictionary of Law is the result of thousands of hours of continuous research conducted by a team of legal and linguistic experts. Each term included in TransLegal Learner`s Dictionary of Law has been extensively researched to ensure that the definitions reflect current usage. Each definition has been graded in such a way that it can be understood by intermediate speakers of English. When a more complex language was unavoidable in definitions, that language was defined in parentheses.
Corpora such as the British National Corpus, the Corpus of Contemporary American Language and the Collection of Legal Documents of onecle.com have been used for the term bank entries and have provided a selection of examples of contemporary use as well as common collocations. Corpora, legal texts and authoritative guides for contemporary use (e.g., Garner`s Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage) were used in the development of notes and additional sections on common errors, as well as examples and illustrations collected by TransLegal lawyers and linguists during their teaching and material development. Governmental body empowered to settle disputes. Judges sometimes use the term “court” to refer to themselves in the third person, as in “the court read the pleadings.” TransLegal has made it easy for students and teachers from university partners to enter their data (translations of English terms into the national language and comparative legal references) into the TransLegal database. The database is easily accessible from any computer connected to the Internet and no special software is required. With login passwords, students and teachers, who are predefined as “contributors” or “editors”, access the database and can enter their data. As part of a unique program of partnerships with universities around the world, TransLegal makes its database of legal documents in English available at all times to students and professors at partner universities. As part of their legal training, selected students, under the supervision of the faculty of the cooperating university, will produce documents in the local language, including translations of English legal terms, which can be searched in TransLegal`s database, in their national language and, where applicable, notes explaining the differences between legal terms and systems.